It is wajib kifaii to give Ghusl to the mayyit of every dead Muslim. If a foetus of 4 months or more is still-born it is wajib to give it Ghusl. If it has not completed four months, but it has formed features of a human child, it must be given Ghusl, as a precaution. In the event of both of these circumstances being absent, the foetus will be wrapped up in a cloth and buried without Ghusl.
If there is ayn najasat on any part of the dead body, it is wajib to first remove it before giving Ghusl. And it is preferred that before the mayyit is given Ghusl, it should be clean and free from all other najasat. It should therefore be cleaned and washed thoroughly.
Ghusl for a dead body is similar to Ghusl of Jumu'a. Ghusl is first given to the head and neck, then the right side of the body, and then the left side.
3 ghusl are given to the mayyit in the following order:
Aabe Sidr (water mixed with the leaves of the Sidr – beri, lotus tree).
Aabe Kaafur (water mixed with camphor).
Aabe Khalis (pure water).
The quality of "Sidr" leaves and camphor should neither be so much that the water becomes mixed (Mudhaaf), nor so little that it may be said that "Sidr" leaves and camphor have not been mixed in it at all.
The person/people giving ghusl to the mayyit must be:
Shia Ithna Asheri
Baligh
Sane
Aware of the rules of ghusl
The same sex as the dead person (Except when this is impossible, Please refer the risala of your marja' of taqleed.)
One who gives Ghusl to the dead body should perform the act with the niyyat of Qurbat, that is, obedience to the pleasure of Allah.
The following acts are mustahab:
At least 2 people should give ghusl. One should pour water whilst the other should help to turn the mayyit.
The soles of the mayyit should face qibla.
Ghusl should be given a covered building and not under the open sky.
The people giving ghusl should be on the right side of the mayyit.
Those giving ghusl should ask for forgiveness for the mayyit and recite duas.
The mayyit should be dried after giving the 3 wajib ghusl.
It is haram to look at the private parts of a mayyit and if a person giving Ghusl looks at them, he commits a sin, though the Ghusl will not be void. Thus those giving ghusl must ensure that the private parts remain covered all the time.
There is no rule for Jabirah in Ghusl of Mayyit, so if water is not available or there is some other valid excuse for abstaining from using water for the
Ghusl, then the dead body should be given one tayammum instead of Ghusl.
It is ehtiyaat mustahab to give, three tayammums, and in one of the tayammum, there should be a Niyyat of
"ma-fizzimmah". This means that a person giving tayammum resolves that this tayammum is given to absolve him of his responsibility.
A person giving tayammum to the dead body should strike his own palms on earth and then wipe them on the face and back of the hands of the dead body.